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Diet Diabetes Supply Diabetes Treatment Insulin Diabetes Care Diabetes is the No. 6 leading causes of deaths in the United States, according to 2001 data from the United States National Center for Health Statistics. |
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Alternative names Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; Acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; Definition Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a disorder characterized by the passage of large volumes of urine due to a defect of the kidney tubules. See also diabetes insipidus-central. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Antidiuretic hormone (ADH; vasopressin) is a hormone produced in the
hypothalamus of the brain. It concentrates the urine by triggering the kidneys
to reabsorb water into the blood stream rather than excreting water into the
urine. The specific kidney defect is usually a partial or complete failure of special receptors located on or within the kidney tubules to respond to ADH, the hormone that transmits the instruction to concentrate the urine to the inside of the cells. Excessive amounts of water are excreted with the urine, producing a large
quantity of very dilute urine. There is little or no response to vasopressin,
even though the blood level of this hormone is higher than normal. Symptoms
Inadequate fluid consumption can result in:
Signs and tests Examination may indicate dehydration and/or shock if
fluid intake is inadequate. The pulse rate may be rapid, with a low blood
pressure present. The most significant indication of diabetes insipidus is
persistent high urine output regardless of fluid intake.
This disease may also alter the results of the following tests:
Treatment The goal of treatment is to regulate fluid levels in the body. This medication works by causing sodium and water to be excreted in the early part of the renal tubules (the proximal tubules). This leaves less fluid available for the late portion of the kidney (distal tubule) to excrete -- this is the portion affected by nephrogenic diabetes insipidus -- and thus it limits the total volume of urine that can be excreted. Expectations (prognosis) Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a chronic condition requiring lifelong treatment. Acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus may be short-term or long-term. Complications
Calling your health care provider Call your health care provider if symptoms indicate diabetes insipidus may be present. Prevention There is no known prevention for congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Treatment of causative disorders may prevent some cases of acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Medications should only be used under the supervision of the health care provider. (From the National Institute of Health) See also Type 1
Diabetes
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