Los Angeles Chinese Learning Center, providing private Chinese Mandarin classes, Chinese tutors, Mandarin interpreter and translators, China investment report, investment opportunity report, China intelligence report, information on Chinese herbal medicines in Los Angeles
Corporate Services Other Services
Private Instruction Invest in China
Curriculum FAQ
Business Culture Health Education
Textbooks Our Staff
Hours and Location Contact Us
 
 

Content

Diabetes

Diabetes Information

-Diabetes Facts
-History of Diabetes
-Causes of Diabetes
-Diabetes Complications
-Diabetes Education
-Diabetes Research

Diabetes Mellitus

-Diabetes Mellitus Symptoms
-Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
-Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
-Diabetes Mellitus Treatment

Types of Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes
-Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
-Type 1 Diabetes Symptoms
-Type 1 Diabetes Diet
-Type 1 Diabetes Cure

Type 2 Diabetes
-Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
-Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms
-Type 2 Diabetes Causes
-Type 2 Diabetes Diet
-Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
-Type 2 Diabetes Medications

Gestational Diabetes
-Gestational Diabetes Test
-Gestational Diabetes Symptoms
-Gestational Diabetes Diet Plan
-Gestational Diabetes Treatment

Juvenile Diabetes
-Juvenile Diabetes Symptoms
-Juvenile Diabetes Treatment

Diabetes Insipidus
-Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
-Treatment for Diabetes Insipidus

Feline Diabetes

Diabetes Symptoms
-
Signs of Diabetes 
Also: Diabetes Sign Symptoms 
-Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms
Also: Type II Diabetes Symptoms
-Gestational Diabetes Symptoms
-Symptoms, Juvenile Diabetes
Also: Diabetes Symptoms in Child

Glucose  
(see also Blood Glucose)
-Glucose Level
Also: Blood Glucose Level
-Glucose Meter
Also: Blood Glucose Meter
-Glucose Monitor
Also: Blood Glucose Monitor
-Glucose Test
Also: Glucose Tolerance Test
-Glucose Intolerance

Diabetes Diet
-Diabetes Food
-Diabetes Nutrition
-Diabetes Diet Plan
-Type 2 Diabetes Diet

Diabetes Supply
-Diabetes Testing Supply

Diabetes Treatment
-Diabetes Medications
-Alternative Treatment for Diabetes

Insulin
-Insulin Resistance
-Insulin Pump
-Lantus Insulin

Diabetes Care
-Diabetes Management
-Diabetes Associations
-Diabetes Prevention
-Diabetes Cure

Diabetes is the No. 6 leading causes of deaths in the United States, according to 2001 data  from the United States National Center for Health Statistics.

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

Alternative names   

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; Acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus;

Definition   

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a disorder characterized by the passage of large volumes of urine due to a defect of the kidney tubules. See also diabetes insipidus-central.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors   

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH; vasopressin) is a hormone produced in the hypothalamus of the brain. It concentrates the urine by triggering the kidneys to reabsorb water into the blood stream rather than excreting water into the urine.

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus involves a defect in the kidney tubules (the portion of the kidneys that causes water to be excreted or reabsorbed).

The specific kidney defect is usually a partial or complete failure of special receptors located on or within the kidney tubules to respond to ADH, the hormone that transmits the instruction to concentrate the urine to the inside of the cells.

Excessive amounts of water are excreted with the urine, producing a large quantity of very dilute urine. There is little or no response to vasopressin, even though the blood level of this hormone is higher than normal.

If thirst mechanisms are normal and adequate fluids are consumed, there are no significant effects on the fluid and/or electrolyte balance of the body. If inadequate fluids are consumed, the high urine output may cause dehydration and high blood sodium.

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a rare disorder. It may be present at birth as a result of a sex-linked defect (congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) that usually affects men, although women can pass the gene on to their children.

Most commonly, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is an acquired disorder. Precipitating factors include drugs (lithium, demeclocycline, amphotericin B), electrolyte disorders (high calcium or low potassium levels), and urinary obstruction.

Symptoms   

  • Excessive thirst (may be intense or uncontrollable, with a craving for ice water)
  • Excessive urine volume (may exceed 3 to 15 liters per day)

Inadequate fluid consumption can result in:

  • Dehydration
    • Dry skin
    • Dry mucous membranes
    • Sunken appearance to eyes
    • Sunken fontanelles (soft spot) in infants
  • Fatigue, lethargy
  • Headache
  • Irritability
  • Low body temperature
  • Muscle pains
  • Rapid heart rate
  • Weight loss

Signs and tests   

Examination may indicate dehydration and/or shock if fluid intake is inadequate. The pulse rate may be rapid, with a low blood pressure present. The most significant indication of diabetes insipidus is persistent high urine output regardless of fluid intake.

Signs associated with high urine output are:

  • High serum osmolality
  • Low urine osmolality
  • Normal or high ADH levels
  • The kidneys not making a more concentrated urine when the person is given ADH

This disease may also alter the results of the following tests:

  • Urine specific gravity
  • Urine concentration test
  • Urine 24h volume
  • Serum sodium

Treatment   

The goal of treatment is to regulate fluid levels in the body.

All cases should be treated with consistently high fluid intake. The volume of fluids consumed should approximately equal the volume of urine produced.

Reduction or discontinuation of medications that may cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus may improve symptoms.

Hydrochlorothiazide may improve symptoms. This may be used alone or in combination with other medications, including indomethacin. Although this medication is a diuretic (these medications are usually used to increase urine output), hydrochlorothiazide can actually reduce the urine output for people with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

This medication works by causing sodium and water to be excreted in the early part of the renal tubules (the proximal tubules).

This leaves less fluid available for the late portion of the kidney (distal tubule) to excrete -- this is the portion affected by nephrogenic diabetes insipidus -- and thus it limits the total volume of urine that can be excreted.

Expectations (prognosis)   

Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a chronic condition requiring lifelong treatment. Acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus may be short-term or long-term.

Complications   

  • Severe dehydration, shock (if inadequate fluid intake)
  • Hypernatremia (high blood sodium)
  • Dilation of the ureters and bladder

Calling your health care provider   

Call your health care provider if symptoms indicate diabetes insipidus may be present.

Prevention   

There is no known prevention for congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Treatment of causative disorders may prevent some cases of acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Medications should only be used under the supervision of the health care provider.

(From the National Institute of Health)

See also

Types of Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes

Gestational Diabetes
Juvenile Diabetes
Diabetes Insipidus
Feline Diabetes


Note:

This diabetes health education project is supported by Chong's Health Care at http://www.cljhealth.com, one of the leading companies in the discovery of alternative medicines for diabetes

 
All contents copyright ? Los Angeles Chinese Learning Center, unless otherwise noted. Website Hosting  Diabetes